11/7/2023 0 Comments Growing up poor in america summary![]() All children should be routinely screened for such experiences. Health care professionals can contribute to preventing and treating the harmful effects of frightening or threatening experiences. Engage health care professionals in screening and treatment.Racially discriminatory discipline policies-indeed, racially disparate treatment of any kind, even if unintentional-can induce stress in children. Schools should be especially careful to eliminate in-school experiences that can be so stressful that they themselves can generate a toxic stress response. Address racially disparate policies and practices in schools.To prepare trauma-informed staff and improve how preschools and schools support children exposed to frightening or threatening experiences, adults in these settings should receive training to help them understand how such experiences affect students’ learning and behavior. Train school staff to support children.These programs can offset the damaging effects of exposure to frightening or threatening conditions by building the capacity of caregivers to provide children with safe, stable, and nurturing relationships that help to develop children’s adaptive and positive coping skills. To promote protective parenting-which can mitigate children’s toxic stress-we recommend implementation of support programs such as home visits and/or therapy services by community health workers, nurses, and other health specialists. We suggest the following interventions in policy and practice: But given that these larger social problems will not be remediated easily or quickly, policymakers must find other ways to improve current outcomes for children who are at high risk for toxic stress. Ultimately, larger social change is needed to address the economic and social conditions at the root of children’s toxic stress. These attributes present challenges to children’s school and life trajectories. Independent of other characteristics, children exposed to more frightening and threatening events are more likely to suffer from academic problems, behavioral problems, and health problems. ![]() Childhood stress and depressed outcomes.Black children are more likely than white children to be exposed to frightening or threatening experiences. ![]() The lowest-income children are more likely to be exposed to frightening or threatening experiences than other children. Beginning in infancy, lower social class children are more likely to have strong, frequent, or prolonged exposure to major traumatic events, the frightening or threatening conditions that induce a stress response. This report describes the relative frequency of toxic stress by race and social class, and shows how it depresses children’s outcomes and contributes to the “achievement gap.” We conclude by suggesting policy and practice recommendations that can reduce the cognitive, behavioral, and health harm that toxic stress provokes. This report was produced in collaboration with the Opportunity Instituteįrightening or threatening situations are more sustained and are experienced more frequently by African American and socially and economically disadvantaged children, who also have less access to protective resources that can mitigate their stress to tolerable levels.
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